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  2. Atomic gardening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_gardening

    Atomic gardening is a form of mutation breeding where plants are exposed to radiation. Some of the mutations produced thereby have turned out to be useful. Typically this is gamma radiation – in which case it is a gamma garden[1] – produced by cobalt-60. [2]

  3. TILLING (molecular biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TILLING_(molecular_biology)

    TILLING (molecular biology) TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) is a method in molecular biology that allows directed identification of mutations in a specific gene. TILLING was introduced in 2000, using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and expanded on into other uses and methodologies by a small group of scientists ...

  4. Complementation (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementation_(genetics)

    Complementation refers to a genetic process when two strains of an organism with different homozygous recessive mutations that produce the same mutant phenotype (for example, a change in wing structure in flies) have offspring that express the wild-type phenotype when mated or crossed. Complementation will ordinarily occur if the mutations are ...

  5. ABC model of flower development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_model_of_flower...

    The ABC model of flower development is a scientific model of the process by which flowering plants produce a pattern of gene expression in meristems that leads to the appearance of an organ oriented towards sexual reproduction, a flower. There are three physiological developments that must occur in order for this to take place: firstly, the ...

  6. Mutation rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_rate

    The human germline mutation rate is approximately 0.5×10 −9 per basepair per year. [1] In genetics, the mutation rate is the frequency of new mutations in a single gene, nucleotide sequence, or organism over time. [2] Mutation rates are not constant and are not limited to a single type of mutation; there are many different types of mutations.

  7. Gene polymorphism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_polymorphism

    A mutation may, or may not, be passed on to off-spring (e.g. if is a mutation that happens in some replicating cells that are not part of the germline, none of the off-spring will bear the mutation. For example, a mutation may occur in a skin cell as a result of ultraviolet light resulting in a thiamine dimer which is not properly repaired ...

  8. Cookie Clicker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie_Clicker

    Single-player. Cookie Clicker is a 2013 incremental game created by French programmer Julien "Orteil" Thiennot. The user initially clicks on a big cookie on the screen, earning a single cookie per click. They can then use their earned cookies to purchase assets such as "cursors" and other "buildings" that automatically produce cookies.

  9. Transition (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_(genetics)

    Illustration of a transition: each of the 4 nucleotide changes between purines or between pyrimidines (in blue). The 8 other changes are transversions (in red).. Transition, in genetics and molecular biology, refers to a point mutation that changes a purine nucleotide to another purine (A ↔ G), or a pyrimidine nucleotide to another pyrimidine (C ↔ T).