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Cranial ultrasound. Cranial ultrasound is a technique for scanning the brain using high-frequency sound waves. It is used almost exclusively in babies because their fontanelle (the soft spot on the skull) provides an "acoustic window". A different form of ultrasound-based brain scanning, transcranial Doppler, can be used in any age group.
1 in 4600 in the U.S. Anencephaly is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development. [1] It is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the rostral (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th day following conception. [2]
Medical genetics. Holoprosencephaly ( HPE) is a cephalic disorder in which the prosencephalon (the forebrain of the embryo) fails to develop into two hemispheres, typically occurring between the 18th and 28th day of gestation. [ 1] Normally, the forebrain is formed and the face begins to develop in the fifth and sixth weeks of human pregnancy.
Acrania. Acrania is a rare congenital disorder that occurs in the human fetus in which the flat bones in the cranial vault are either completely or partially absent. [ 1] The cerebral hemispheres develop completely but abnormally. [ 1] The condition is frequently, though not always, associated with anencephaly.
Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in the uterus (womb).
Choroid plexus cysts ( CPCs) are cysts that occur within choroid plexus of the brain. They are the most common type of intraventricular cyst, [ 1] occurring in 1% of all pregnancies. [ 2] It is believed that many adults have one or more tiny CPCs. [ 3] The fetal brain may create these cysts as a normal part of development.
Lissencephaly ( / ˌlɪs.ɛnˈsɛf.əl.i /, meaning 'smooth brain') [ 1] is a set of rare brain disorders whereby the whole or parts of the surface of the brain appear smooth. [ 2] It is caused by defective neuronal migration during the 12th to 24th weeks of gestation resulting in a lack of development of brain folds ( gyri) and grooves ( sulci ...
Transcranial Doppler ( TCD) and transcranial color Doppler ( TCCD) are types of Doppler ultrasonography that measure the velocity of blood flow through the brain 's blood vessels by measuring the echoes of ultrasound waves moving transcranially (through the cranium ). These modes of medical imaging conduct a spectral analysis of the acoustic ...