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Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin natrium) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable isotope is 23 Na. The free metal does not occur in nature and must be prepared from compounds.
Borax (also referred to as sodium borate, tincal (/ ˈ t ɪ ŋ k əl /) and tincar (/ ˈ t ɪ ŋ k ər /)) is a salt (ionic compound), a hydrated or anhydrous borate of sodium, with the chemical formula Na 2 H 20 B 4 O 17 (also written as Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O). It is a colorless crystalline solid that dissolves in water to make a basic solution.
In industry, the various grades of sodium silicate are characterized by their SiO 2 :Na 2 O weight ratio (which can be converted to molar ratio by multiplication with 1.032). The ratio can vary between 1:2 and 3.75:1. [1] Grades with ratio below 2.85:1 are termed alkaline. Those with a higher SiO 2 :Na 2 O ratio are described as neutral.
Physical properties. Pure sodium hydroxide is a colorless crystalline solid that melts at 318 °C (604 °F) without decomposition and boils at 1,388 °C (2,530 °F). It is highly soluble in water, with a lower solubility in polar solvents such as ethanol and methanol. [14] Sodium hydroxide is insoluble in ether and other non-polar solvents.
CN− + −OCl → OCN− + Cl−. Sodium hypochlorite is commonly used as a biocide in industrial applications to control slime and bacteria formation in water systems used at power plants, pulp and paper mills, etc., in solutions typically of 10–15% by weight.
Hot metal ingot being loaded into a hammer forge. A billet in an open-die forging press. Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces. The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or a die.
Tungsten (also called wolfram) [11] [12] is a chemical element; it has symbol W and atomic number 74. Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively as compounds with other elements. It was identified as a new element in 1781 and first isolated as a metal in 1783.
Washington's Headquarters at Valley Forge, also known as the Isaac Potts House, is a historic house that served as General George Washington 's headquarters at Valley Forge during the American Revolutionary War. The building, which still stands, is one of the centerpieces of Valley Forge National Historical Park in Southeastern Pennsylvania .