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The Universal Product Code ( UPC or UPC code) is a barcode symbology that is used worldwide for tracking trade items in stores. The chosen symbology has bars (or spaces) of exactly 1, 2, 3, or 4 units wide each; each decimal digit to be encoded consists of two bars and two spaces chosen to have a total width of 7 units, in both an "even" and an ...
The code emerges at a transition when the mapping of codons to amino acids becomes nonrandom. The code's emergence is governed by the topology defined by the probable errors and is related to the map coloring problem. [109] Game theory: Models based on signaling games combine elements of game theory, natural selection and information channels ...
In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may ...
v. t. e. An image of the 46 chromosomes making up the diploid genome of a human male (the mitochondrial chromosomes are not shown). In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. [ 1] It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses ).
The Electronic Product Code ( EPC) is designed as a universal identifier (using an idiosyncratic numerical code for each different commodity [1]) that provides a unique identity for every physical object anywhere in the world, for all time. The EPC structure is defined in the EPCglobal Tag Data Standard, [2] which is a freely available standard.
Essential gene. Essential genes are indispensable genes for organisms to grow and reproduce offspring under certain environment. [1] However, being essential is highly dependent on the circumstances in which an organism lives. For instance, a gene required to digest starch is only essential if starch is the only source of energy.
Eukaryogenesis, the process which created the eukaryotic cell and lineage, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. The process is widely agreed to have involved symbiogenesis, in which an archeon and a bacterium came together to create the first eukaryotic ...
Category. v. t. e. A phylogenetic tree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time. [ 1][ 2] In other words, it is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities ...