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  2. T-glottalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-glottalization

    For the distinction between [ ], / / and , see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. In English phonology, t-glottalization or t-glottalling is a sound change in certain English dialects and accents, particularly in the United Kingdom, that causes the phoneme / t / to be pronounced as the glottal stop [ ʔ] ⓘ in certain positions.

  3. Pronunciation of English th - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciation_of_English...

    English has borrowed many words from Greek, including a vast number of scientific terms. Where the original Greek had the letter θ (theta), English usually retained the Late Greek pronunciation regardless of phonetic environment, resulting in the presence of /θ/ in medial position ( anthem, methyl, etc.).

  4. Flapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flapping

    Flapping or tapping, also known as alveolar flapping, intervocalic flapping, or t-voicing, is a phonological process involving a voiced alveolar tap or flap; it is found in many varieties of English, especially North American, Cardiff, Ulster, Australian and New Zealand English, where the voiceless alveolar stop consonant phoneme /t/ is pronounced as a voiced alveolar flap [ɾ], a sound ...

  5. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    The following table shows the 24 consonant phonemes found in most dialects of English, plus /x/, whose distribution is more limited. Fortis consonants are always voiceless, aspirated in syllable onset (except in clusters beginning with /s/ or /ʃ/), and sometimes also glottalized to an extent in syllable coda (most likely to occur with /t/, see T-glottalization), while lenis consonants are ...

  6. Polish phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_phonology

    Unlike languages such as Czech, Polish does not have syllabic consonants: the nucleus of a syllable is always a vowel. The consonant /j/ is restricted to positions adjacent to a vowel. It also cannot precede i or y. (For other restrictions on consonants appearing before i or y, see § Distribution above.)

  7. Hard and soft G - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_and_soft_G

    In English orthography, the pronunciation of hard g is /ɡ/ and that of soft g is /dʒ/; the French soft g , /ʒ/, survives in a number of French loanwords (e.g. regime, genre ), [ʒ] also sometimes occurs as an allophone of [dʒ] in some accents in certain words. In words of Greco - Latinate origin, the soft g pronunciation occurs before e i y ...

  8. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    The official chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [ 1]

  9. English orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_orthography

    English orthography is the writing system used to represent spoken English, [ 1][ 2] allowing readers to connect the graphemes to sound and to meaning. [ 3] It includes English's norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalisation, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation . Like the orthography of most world languages, English orthography has a broad ...