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  2. Ophcrack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophcrack

    Ophcrack is a free open-source (GPL licensed) program that cracks Windows log-in passwords by using LM hashes through rainbow tables.The program includes the ability to import the hashes from a variety of formats, including dumping directly from the SAM files of Windows, and can be run via the command line or using the program’s GUI (Graphical user interface).

  3. Electronic Product Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Product_Code

    An EPC RFID tag used by Wal-Mart. The Electronic Product Code ( EPC) is designed as a universal identifier (using an idiosyncratic numerical code for each different commodity [ 1]) that provides a unique identity for every physical object anywhere in the world, for all time. The EPC structure is defined in the EPCglobal Tag Data Standard, [ 2 ...

  4. Password cracking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

    Password cracking. In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [ 1] protecting a computer system. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [ 2]

  5. Cain and Abel (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(software)

    Cain and Abel (often abbreviated to Cain) was a password recovery tool for Microsoft Windows. It could recover many kinds of passwords using methods such as network packet sniffing, cracking various password hashes by using methods such as dictionary attacks, brute force and cryptanalysis attacks. [ 1] Cryptanalysis attacks were done via ...

  6. John the Ripper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Ripper

    John the Ripper. John the Ripper is a free password cracking software tool. [ 3] Originally developed for the Unix operating system, it can run on fifteen different platforms (eleven of which are architecture-specific versions of Unix, DOS, Win32, BeOS, and OpenVMS ). It is among the most frequently used password testing and breaking programs ...

  7. Universal 2nd Factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_2nd_Factor

    The USB devices communicate with the host computer using the human interface device (HID) protocol, essentially mimicking a keyboard. [9] [failed verification – see discussion] This avoids the need for the user to install special hardware driver software in the host computer and permits application software (such as a browser) to directly access the security features of the device without ...

  8. Check digit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_digit

    The final digit of a Universal Product Code, International Article Number, Global Location Number or Global Trade Item Number is a check digit computed as follows: [3] [4]. Add the digits in the odd-numbered positions from the left (first, third, fifth, etc.—not including the check digit) together and multiply by three.

  9. List of GS1 country codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GS1_country_codes

    387. Bosnia and Herzegovina. 389. Montenegro. 390. Republic of Kosovo (EAN-imposed, no GS1 Member Organisation) [ 2] 400–440. Germany (440 code inherited from former East Germany upon reunification in 1990) 450–459.