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Free cash flow. In financial accounting, free cash flow ( FCF) or free cash flow to firm ( FCFF) is the amount by which a business's operating cash flow exceeds its working capital needs and expenditures on fixed assets (known as capital expenditures ). [ 1] It is that portion of cash flow that can be extracted from a company and distributed to ...
In corporate finance, free cash flow to equity ( FCFE) is a metric of how much cash can be distributed to the equity shareholders of the company as dividends or stock buybacks —after all expenses, reinvestments, and debt repayments are taken care of. It is also referred to as the levered free cash flow or the flow to equity (FTE).
The net present value ( NPV) or net present worth ( NPW) [ 1] is a way of measuring the value of an asset that has cashflow by adding up the present value of all the future cash flows that asset will generate. The present value of a cash flow depends on the interval of time between now and the cash flow because of the Time value of money (which ...
The debt-to-equity ratio ( D/E) is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets. [ 1] Closely related to leveraging, the ratio is also known as risk, gearing or leverage. The two components are often taken from the firm's balance sheet or statement of financial position ...
Government debt is typically measured as the gross debt of the general government sector that is in the form of liabilities that are debt instruments. [ 2]: 207 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds ...
Finance. The loan-to-value ( LTV) ratio is a financial term used by lenders to express the ratio of a loan to the value of an asset purchased. In real estate, the term is commonly used by banks and building societies to represent the ratio of the first mortgage line as a percentage of the total appraised value of real property.
Net interest spread refers to the difference in borrowing and lending rates of financial institutions (such as banks) in nominal terms. It is considered analogous to the gross margin of non-financial companies. Net interest spread is expressed as interest yield on earning assets (any asset, such as a loan, that generates interest income) minus ...
Leverage (finance) In finance, leverage, also known as gearing, is any technique involving borrowing funds to buy an investment. Financial leverage is named after a lever in physics, which amplifies a small input force into a greater output force, because successful leverage amplifies the smaller amounts of money needed for borrowing into large ...