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Based on risk assessment, a safe upper intake level of 250 μg (10,000 IU) per day in healthy adults has been suggested by non-government authors. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D necessary to cause adverse effects in adults are thought to be greater than about 150 ng/mL, leading the Endocrine Society to suggest an upper limit ...
Tolerable upper intake levels (UL), to caution against excessive intake of nutrients (like vitamin A and selenium) that can be harmful in large amounts. This is the highest level of sustained daily nutrient consumption that is considered to be safe for, and cause no side effects in, 97.5% of healthy individuals in each life stage and sex group ...
The EFSA reviewed safe levels of intake in 2012, [121] setting the tolerable upper limit for adults at 100 μg/day (4000 IU), a similar conclusion as the IOM. The Swedish National Food Agency recommends a daily intake of 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D 3 for children and adults up to 75 years, and 20 μg (800 IU) for adults 75 and older.
The European Union and the governments of several countries have established Tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) for those vitamins which have documented toxicity (see table). [ 11 ] [ 59 ] [ 60 ] The likelihood of consuming too much of any vitamin from food is remote, but excessive intake ( vitamin poisoning ) from dietary supplements does occur.
Hypervitaminosis is a condition of abnormally high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to various symptoms as over excitement, irritability, or even toxicity. Specific medical names of the different conditions are derived from the given vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called hypervitaminosis A.
Hypervitaminosis A can be prevented by not ingesting more than the US Institute of Medicine Daily Tolerable Upper Level of intake for Vitamin A. This level is for synthetic and natural retinol ester forms of vitamin A. Carotene forms from dietary sources are not toxic.
The U.S. Food and Nutrition Board sets Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (known as ULs) for vitamins and minerals when evidence is sufficient. ULs are set a safe fraction below amounts shown to cause health problems. ULs are part of Dietary Reference Intakes. [81] The European Food Safety Authority also reviews the same safety questions and set its ...
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Harmful effects Vitamin B 1: None [22] No known toxicity from oral intake. There are some reports of anaphylaxis caused by high-dose thiamin injections into the vein or muscle. However, the doses were greater than the quantity humans can physically absorb from oral intake. [22] Vitamin B 2: None [23]