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Victor Gruen. Victor David Gruen, born Viktor David Grünbaum [1] (July 18, 1903 – February 14, 1980), was an Austrian-American architect best known as a pioneer in the design of shopping malls in the United States. [2] He is also noted for his urban revitalization proposals, described in his writings and applied in master plans such as for ...
The mall was one of the first enclosed, suburban shopping centers in the United States. - Sears, Roebuck and Co/PhotoQuest/Getty Images The first round of malls in the mid-to-late 1950s did have ...
Gruen transfer. In shopping mall design, the Gruen transfer (also known as the Gruen effect) is the moment when consumers enter a shopping mall or store and, surrounded by an intentionally confusing layout, lose track of their original intentions, making them more susceptible to making impulse buys. It is named after Austrian architect Victor ...
The International Council of Shopping Centers, based in New York City, classifies two types of shopping centers as malls: regional malls and superregional malls.A regional mall, per the International Council of Shopping Centers, is a shopping mall with 400,000 sq ft (37,000 m 2) to 800,000 sq ft (74,000 m 2) gross leasable area with at least two anchor stores.
Randhurst was designed by Victor Gruen, a pioneer of modern shopping mall design. Unlike most shopping malls of the time, which were built in a straight line between two anchoring department stores, Gruen's design was shaped like an equilateral triangle, with an anchoring department store at each angle. Additional stores lined the sides of the ...
The Shops at Crystals. The Shops at Crystals is an upscale shopping mall in the CityCenter complex on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The 500,000-square-foot (46,000 m 2) mall contains high-end retailers, gourmet restaurants, and art galleries. The exterior design was created by Daniel Libeskind, while David Rockwell worked on interiors.
Shopping mall in Warsaw, Poland. In the post-war period, an American architect, Victor Gruen developed a concept for a shopping mall; a planned, self-contained shopping complex complete with an indoor plaza, statues, planting schemes, piped music, and car parking. Gruen's vision was to create a shopping atmosphere where people felt so ...
Horton Plaza was a five-level outdoor shopping mall in downtown San Diego. It was designed by Jon Jerde and was known for its bright colors, architectural tricks, and odd spatial rhythms, occupying 6.5 city blocks adjacent to the city's historic Gaslamp Quarter. Opening in 1985, it was the first successful downtown retail center since the rise ...