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The reward system is a group of brain structures and neural pathways that are responsible for reward-related cognition, including incentive salience, associative learning, and positive emotions. It involves the ventral tegmental area, ventral striatum, basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, and other regions that use dopamine, glutamate, and other neurotransmitters.
Cognitive evaluation theory (CET) is a sub-theory of self-determination theory that explains how external consequences affect intrinsic motivation. CET proposes that events can be informational, controlling, or amotivating, and that they influence perceived competence and locus of causality.
Instinctive drift is the tendency of an animal to revert to unconscious and automatic behaviour that interferes with learned behaviour from operant conditioning. Learn how this phenomenon was discovered by the Brelands, how it challenges the nature vs. nurture debate, and how it applies to different species.
The overjustification effect is when external rewards decrease intrinsic motivation to perform a task. Learn about the experimental evidence, theories and controversies of this phenomenon in psychology.
Content theory is a subset of motivational theories that define what motivates people. It includes theories by Maslow, Herzberg, McClelland, and others, and explains the hierarchy of needs, the need for achievement, affiliation, and power.
Motivation crowding theory is the theory from psychology and microeconomics suggesting that providing extrinsic incentives for certain kinds of behavior—such as promising monetary rewards for accomplishing some task—can sometimes undermine intrinsic motivation for performing that behavior.
Incentive salience is a cognitive process that grants a "desire" or "want" attribute, which includes a motivational component to a rewarding stimulus. [1] [2] [3] [9] Reward is the attractive and motivational property of a stimulus that induces appetitive behavior – also known as approach behavior – and consummatory behavior. [3]
Expectancy theory is a motivation theory proposed by Victor Vroom that explains how individuals choose behaviors based on their expectations of outcomes. The theory has three components: expectancy, instrumentality and valence, which reflect the individual's beliefs, preferences and values.