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  2. Anglo-Saxon runes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes

    t. e. Anglo-Saxon runes or Anglo-Frisian runes are runes that were used by the Anglo-Saxons and Medieval Frisians (collectively called Anglo-Frisians) as an alphabet in their native writing system, recording both Old English and Old Frisian ( Old English: rūna, ᚱᚢᚾᚪ, "rune"). Today, the characters are known collectively as the futhorc ...

  3. Berkanan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkanan

    Berkanan is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the b rune ᛒ, meaning "birch". In the Younger Futhark it is called Bjarkan in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem it is called beorc ("birch" or "poplar"). The corresponding Gothic letter is 𐌱 b, named bairkan . The letter shape is likely directly based ...

  4. Runic transliteration and transcription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runic_transliteration_and...

    Runic transliteration and transcription are part of analysing a runic inscription which involves transliteration of the runes into Latin letters, transcription into a normalized spelling in the language of the inscription, and translation of the inscription into a modern language. There is a long-standing practice of formatting transliterations ...

  5. Franks Casket - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks_Casket

    on the front of the Franks Casket alliterates on the F-rune ᚠ feoh, which connotes wealth or treasure. Each Anglo-Saxon runic letter had an acrophonic Old English name, which gave the rune itself the connotations of the name, as described in the Old English rune poem. The inscriptions on the Franks Casket are alliterative verse, and so give ...

  6. Codex Runicus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Runicus

    The runic alphabet utilized on f. 27r and f.100r. (Medieval Runes used for c and y are added.) Transliteration of f.27 r from the first rubric. Like other Scandinavian manifestations of Medieval runes, the runic alphabet of the Codex Runicus contains a sign for each phoneme of the language. A dotted variant had been introduced in order to ...

  7. Rune - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune

    A rune is a letter in a set of related alphabets known as runic alphabets native to the Germanic peoples. Runes were used to write Germanic languages (with some exceptions) before they adopted the Latin alphabet, and for specialised purposes thereafter. In addition to representing a sound value (a phoneme ), runes can be used to represent the ...

  8. Cirth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirth

    The Cirth ( Sindarin pronunciation: [ˈkirθ], meaning "runes"; sg. certh [ˈkɛrθ] ) is a semi‑ artificial script, based on real‑life runic alphabets, one of several scripts invented by J. R. R. Tolkien for the constructed languages he devised and used in his works. Cirth is written with a capital letter when referring to the writing ...

  9. Runic inscriptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runic_inscriptions

    A runic inscription is an inscription made in one of the various runic alphabets. They generally contained practical information or memorials instead of magic or mythic stories. [ 1] The body of runic inscriptions falls into the three categories of Elder Futhark (some 350 items, dating to between the 2nd and 8th centuries AD), Anglo-Frisian ...