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Proof-number search. Proof-number search (short: PN search) is a game tree search algorithm invented by Victor Allis, [1] with applications mostly in endgame solvers, but also for sub-goals during games. Using a binary goal (e.g. first player wins the game), game trees of two-person perfect-information games can be mapped to an and–or tree.
Numbers game. The numbers game, also known as the numbers racket, the Italian lottery, Mafia lottery or the daily number, is a form of illegal gambling or illegal lottery played mostly in poor and working-class neighborhoods in the United States, wherein a bettor attempts to pick three digits to match those that will be randomly drawn the ...
In game theory, " guess 2 3 of the average " is a game where players simultaneously select a real number between 0 and 100, inclusive. The winner of the game is the player (s) who select a number closest to 2 3 of the average of numbers chosen by all players. [1]
This software uses "A" to denote "bulls" (digit in the correct position) and "B" to denote "cows" (digit in the wrong position). Bulls and cows (also known as cows and bulls or pigs and bulls) is a code -breaking mind or paper and pencil game for two or more players. The game is played in turns by two opponents who aim to decipher the other's ...
In 1994, L. Victor Allis raised the algorithm of proof-number search (pn-search) and dependency-based search (db-search), and proved that when starting from an empty 15×15 board, the first player has a winning strategy using these searching algorithms. [28] This applies to both free-style gomoku and standard gomoku without any opening rules.
Wikipedia:Wiki Game. The Wiki Game, also known as the Wikipedia race, Wikirace, Wikispeedia, WikiLadders, WikiClick, or WikiWhack, is a race between any number of participants, using wikilinks to travel from one Wikipedia page to another. The first person to reach the destination page, or the person that reaches the destination using the fewest ...
Claude Shannon. The Shannon number, named after the American mathematician Claude Shannon, is a conservative lower bound of the game-tree complexity of chess of 10 120, based on an average of about 10 3 possibilities for a pair of moves consisting of a move for White followed by a move for Black, and a typical game lasting about 40 such pairs of moves.
24 (puzzle) The 24 puzzle is an arithmetical puzzle in which the objective is to find a way to manipulate four integers so that the end result is 24. For example, for the numbers 4, 7, 8, 8, a possible solution is . Note that all four numbers must be used exactly once. The problem has been played as a card game in Shanghai since the 1960s, [1 ...