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Leverage (statistics) In statistics and in particular in regression analysis, leverage is a measure of how far away the independent variable values of an observation are from those of the other observations. High-leverage points, if any, are outliers with respect to the independent variables. That is, high-leverage points have no neighboring ...
Operating leverage can also be measured in terms of change in operating income for a given change in sales (revenue).. The Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) can be computed in a number of equivalent ways; one way it is defined as the ratio of the percentage change in Operating Income for a given percentage change in Sales (Brigham 1995, p. 426):
Leverage (finance) In finance, leverage, also known as gearing, is any technique involving borrowing funds to buy an investment. Financial leverage is named after a lever in physics, which amplifies a small input force into a greater output force, because successful leverage amplifies the smaller amounts of money needed for borrowing into large ...
Debt-to-equity ratio. The debt-to-equity ratio ( D/E) is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets. [ 1] Closely related to leveraging, the ratio is also known as risk, gearing or leverage. The two components are often taken from the firm's balance sheet or statement ...
Mechanical advantage. Mechanical advantage is a measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device or machine system. The device trades off input forces against movement to obtain a desired amplification in the output force. The model for this is the law of the lever. Machine components designed to manage forces and ...
Hamada's equation. In corporate finance, Hamada’s equation is an equation used as a way to separate the financial risk of a levered firm from its business risk. The equation combines the Modigliani–Miller theorem with the capital asset pricing model. It is used to help determine the levered beta and, through this, the optimal capital ...
The consumer leverage ratio in the US was increasing in the years before the 2007–2008 financial crisis, peaking at 1.29x in 2007 and decreasing ever since. As of the fourth quarter of 2016, the ratio in the US stood at 1.04x. The historical average of this ratio since late 1975 is approximately 0.9x. Many economists argue the rapid growth in ...
Mahalanobis distance. The Mahalanobis distance is a measure of the distance between a point and a distribution , introduced by P. C. Mahalanobis in 1936. [1] The mathematical details of Mahalanobis distance has appeared in the Journal of The Asiatic Society of Bengal. [2] Mahalanobis's definition was prompted by the problem of identifying the ...