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Frequency. 1 in 4600 in the U.S. Anencephaly is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development. [ 1] It is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the rostral (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th day following ...
Miscarriage, also known in medical terms as a spontaneous abortion, is the death and expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can survive independently. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] The term miscarriage is sometimes used to refer to all forms of pregnancy loss and pregnancy with abortive outcomes before 20 weeks of gestation.
Diagnosis. Umbilical cord prolapse should always be considered a possibility when there is a sudden decrease in fetal heart rate or variable decelerations, particularly after the rupture of membranes. With overt prolapses, the diagnosis can be confirmed if the cord can be felt on vaginal examination. Without overt prolapse, the diagnosis can ...
Fetal warfarin syndrome is a disorder of the embryo which occurs in a child whose mother took the medication warfarin (brand name: Coumadin) during pregnancy. Resulting abnormalities include low birth weight, slower growth, intellectual disability, deafness, small head size, and malformed bones, cartilage, and joints. [ 1]
Frequency. ~8% of term pregnancies, [ 2] ~30% of preterm pregnancies [ 4] Prelabor rupture of membranes ( PROM ), previously known as premature rupture of membranes, is breakage of the amniotic sac before the onset of labour. [ 2] Women usually experience a painless gush or a steady leakage of fluid from the vagina. [ 1]
Encephalocele is a neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull. These defects are caused by failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal development. Encephaloceles cause a groove down the middle of the skull, or between the forehead and nose ...
Specialty. Obstetrics. A molar pregnancy, also known as a hydatidiform mole, is an abnormal form of pregnancy in which a non-viable fertilized egg implants in the uterus. It falls under the category of gestational trophoblastic diseases. [ 1] During a molar pregnancy, the uterus contains a growing mass characterized by swollen chorionic villi ...
Acalvaria. Acalvaria. Specialty. Medical genetics. Acalvaria is a rare malformation consisting of the absence of the calvarial bones, dura mater and associated muscles in the presence of a normal skull base and normal facial bones. The central nervous system is usually unaffected. The presumed pathogenesis of acalvaria is the faulty migration ...