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Bulk purchasing or mass buying is the purchase of much larger quantities than the usual, for a unit price that is lower than the usual. Wholesaling is selling goods in large quantities at a low unit price to retail merchants. The wholesaler will accept a slightly lower sales price for each unit, if the retailer will agree to purchase a much ...
Economic order quantity. Economic order quantity ( EOQ ), also known as financial purchase quantity or economic buying quantity, [citation needed] is the order quantity that minimizes the total holding costs and ordering costs in inventory management. It is one of the oldest classical production scheduling models.
Cost-plus pricing is a pricing strategy by which the selling price of a product is determined by adding a specific fixed percentage (a "markup") to the product's unit cost. Essentially, the markup percentage is a method of generating a particular desired rate of return. [1] [2] An alternative pricing method is value-based pricing.
Material requirements planning. Material requirements planning ( MRP) is a production planning, scheduling, and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. Most MRP systems are software -based, but it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well. An MRP system is intended to simultaneously meet three objectives:
Article indices. v. t. e. In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced per unit of time. A decrease in cost per unit of output enables an increase in scale that is, increased production with lowered cost. [1]
Illustration of the bullwhip effect: the final customer places an order (whip), which increasingly distorts interpretations of demand as one proceeds upstream along the supply chain. The bullwhip effect is a supply chain phenomenon where orders to suppliers tend to have a larger variability than sales to buyers, which results in an amplified ...
Newsvendor model. The newsvendor (or newsboy or single-period [1] or salvageable) model is a mathematical model in operations management and applied economics used to determine optimal inventory levels. It is (typically) characterized by fixed prices and uncertain demand for a perishable product. If the inventory level is , each unit of demand ...
The economic production quantity model (also known as the EPQ model) determines the quantity a company or retailer should order to minimize the total inventory costs by balancing the inventory holding cost and average fixed ordering cost. The EPQ model was developed and published by E. W. Taft, a statistical engineer working at Winchester ...