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A Torah scroll ( Hebrew: סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה, Sefer Torah, lit. "Book of Torah"; plural: סִפְרֵי תוֹרָה Sifrei Torah) is a handwritten copy of the Torah, meaning the five books of Moses (the first books of the Hebrew Bible ). The Torah scroll is mainly used in the ritual of Torah reading during Jewish prayers.
Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll, known also as 11QpaleoLev, is an ancient text preserved in one of the Qumran group of caves, and which provides a rare glimpse of the script used formerly by the Israelites in writing Torah scrolls during pre- exilic history. [1] The fragmentary remains of the Torah scroll is written in the Paleo-Hebrew script and ...
The Ketef Hinnom scrolls, also described as Ketef Hinnom amulets, are the oldest surviving texts currently known from the Hebrew Bible, dated to c. 600 BCE. The text, written in the Paleo-Hebrew script (not the Aramaic-derived Jewish square script Hebrew alphabet more familiar to most modern readers), is from the Book of Numbers in the Hebrew Bible, and has been described as "one of the most ...
The Gandhāran Buddhist texts are the oldest Buddhist manuscripts yet discovered, dating from about the 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE and found in the northwestern outskirts of the Indian subcontinent. [1] [2] [3] They represent the literature of Gandharan Buddhism from present-day northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan, and are ...
t. e. A biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. Biblical manuscripts vary in size from tiny scrolls containing individual verses of the Jewish scriptures (see Tefillin) to huge polyglot codices (multi-lingual books) containing both the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the New Testament, as well as ...
t. e. The Nag Hammadi library (also known as the " Chenoboskion Manuscripts" and the "Gnostic Gospels" [ a]) is a collection of early Christian and Gnostic texts discovered near the Upper Egyptian town of Nag Hammadi in 1945. Thirteen leather-bound papyrus codices buried in a sealed jar were found by a local farmer named Muhammed al-Samman. [ 1]
4Q41. 4Q41 or 4QDeuteronomyn (often abbreviated 4QDeut n or 4QDt n ), also known as the All Souls Deuteronomy, is a Hebrew Bible manuscript from the first century BC containing two passages from the Book of Deuteronomy. Discovered in 1952 in a cave at Qumran, near the Dead Sea, it preserves the oldest existing copy of the Ten Commandments. [1]
The text is in Hebrew and written in square script. This scroll is the most extensive, and it preserves fragments of 1 Samuel 1 - 2 Samuel 24. It contains many readings that are different from the Masoretic Text but that closely resemble those in the Septuagint. Some examples are as follows: