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In mathematics, a rational number is a number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction of two integers, a numerator p and a non-zero denominator q. [1] For example, is a rational number, as is every integer (e.g., ). The set of all rational numbers, also referred to as " the rationals ", [2] the field of rationals [3 ...
The set of all rational numbers includes the integers since every integer can be written as a fraction with denominator 1. For example −7 can be written −7 / 1 . The symbol for the rational numbers is Q (for quotient), also written .
Trigonometric number: Any number that is the sine or cosine of a rational multiple of π. Quadratic surd: A root of a quadratic equation with rational coefficients. Such a number is algebraic and can be expressed as the sum of a rational number and the square root of a rational number.
An algebraic number is any complex number that is a solution to some polynomial equation () = with rational coefficients; for example, every solution of + (/) + = (say) is an algebraic number. Fields of algebraic numbers are also called algebraic number fields , or shortly number fields .
A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or , where a and b are both integers. [9] As with other fractions, the denominator ( b) cannot be zero. Examples include 1 2 , − 8 5 , −8 5 , and 8 −5 .
Algebraic expression. In mathematics, an algebraic expression is an expression built up from constant algebraic numbers, variables, and the algebraic operations ( addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number ). [1] For example, 3x2 − 2xy + c is an algebraic expression.
An algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial (of finite degree) in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients. For example, the golden ratio , ( 1 + 5 ) / 2 {\displaystyle (1+{\sqrt {5}})/2} , is an algebraic number, because it is a root of the polynomial x 2 − x − 1 .
A prominent example of a field is the field of rational numbers, commonly denoted , together with its usual operations of addition and multiplication. Another notion needed to define algebraic number fields is vector spaces .
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