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The Black Codes, sometimes called the Black Laws, were laws which governed the conduct of African Americans (both free and freedmen).In 1832, James Kent wrote that "in most of the United States, there is a distinction in respect to political privileges, between free white persons and free colored persons of African blood; and in no part of the country do the latter, in point of fact ...
These laws, passed or updated after emancipation, were known as Black Codes. [99] Mississippi was the first state to pass such codes, with an 1865 law titled "An Act to confer Civil Rights on Freedmen". [100] The Mississippi law required black workers to contract with white farmers by January 1 of each year or face punishment for vagrancy. [98]
The slave codes were laws relating to slavery and enslaved people, specifically regarding the Atlantic slave trade and chattel slavery in the Americas. Most slave codes were concerned with the rights and duties of free people in regards to enslaved people. Slave codes left a great deal unsaid, with much of the actual practice of slavery being a ...
List of Jim Crow law examples by state. A Black American drinks from a segregated water cooler in 1939 at a streetcar terminal in Oklahoma City. This is a list of examples of Jim Crow laws, which were state, territorial, and local laws in the United States enacted between 1877 and 1965. Jim Crow laws existed throughout the United States and ...
v. t. e. The Reconstruction era was a period in United States history and Southern United States history that followed the American Civil War and was dominated by the legal, social, and political challenges of the abolition of slavery and the reintegration of the eleven former Confederate States of America into the United States.
Southern Homestead Act of 1866. Naturalization Act of 1870 – Allowed persons of African descent to become citizens of the United States. Enforcement Act of 1870 – enacted 31 May 1870, empowered the President of the United States to enforce the 15th Amendment. Enforcement Act of 1871 – enacted February 1871.
Facilities and services such as housing, healthcare, education, employment, and transportation have been systematically separated in the United States based on racial categorizations. Segregation was the legally or socially enforced separation of African Americans from whites, as well as the separation of other ethnic minorities from majority ...
Between 1740 and 1834 Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North and South Carolina, and Virginia all passed anti-literacy laws. [ 6] South Carolina passed the first law which prohibited teaching slaves to read and write, punishable by a fine of 100 pounds and six months in prison, via an amendment to its 1739 Negro Act. [ 7][ 8] Some ...