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The Philippine Commonwealth was established in 1935, as a 10-year interim step prior to full independence. However, in 1942 during World War II, Japan occupied the Philippines. The U.S. military overpowered the Japanese in 1945. The Treaty of Manila in 1946 established the independent Philippine Republic.
The Empire of Japan invaded the Philippines in December 1941 during World War II, [125] and the Second Philippine Republic was established as a puppet state governed by Jose P. Laurel. [ 126 ] [ 127 ] Beginning in 1942, the Japanese occupation of the Philippines was opposed by large-scale underground guerrilla activity .
The recorded history of the Philippines between 900 and 1565 begins with the creation of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription in 900 and ends with the beginning of Spanish colonization in 1565. The inscription records its date of creation in 822 Saka (900 CE). The discovery of this document marks the end of the prehistory of the Philippines at ...
Historiography of the Philippines refers to the studies, sources, critical methods and interpretations used by scholars to study the history of the Philippines. The Philippine archipelago has been part of many empires before the Spanish empire has arrived in the 16th century. The pre-colonial Philippines uses the Abugida writing system that has ...
e. The history of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946 is known as the American colonial period, and began with the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, when the Philippines was still a colony of the Spanish East Indies, and concluded when the United States formally recognized the independence of the Republic of the Philippines on ...
[14]: 103–104 In the 19th century, Philippine ports opened to world trade and shifts started occurring within Filipino society. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] In 1808, when Joseph Bonaparte became king of Spain, the liberal constitution of Cadiz was adopted, giving the Philippines representation in the Spanish Cortes .
e. The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.
November 20 – December 2. Cyclones Muifa ( Unding), Merbok ( Violeta ), Winnie and Nanmadol ( Yoyong) hit the country, affecting million people, causing massive fatalities and damages. In November, a tropical depression ( Winnie) kills more than 1,500 people, causes damages of estimated ₱679 million (US$15.8 million).