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  2. Modular arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_arithmetic

    Adding 4 hours to 9 o'clock gives 1 o'clock, since 13 is congruent to 1 modulo 12. In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones ...

  3. Modulo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo

    In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation.. Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.

  4. Mk 12 Special Purpose Rifle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mk_12_Special_Purpose_Rifle

    700 m (770 yd) Feed system. 20- or 30-round STANAG magazine [1] The United States Navy Mk 12 MOD 0/1/H Special Purpose Rifle (SPR) is a designated marksman rifle that was in service with United States Special Operations Forces in the designated marksman role until 2017, also designed to be shorter than standard weapons. [2][3] SPR initially ...

  5. Mark 38 25 mm machine gun system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_38_25_mm_Machine_Gun...

    The primary component of the Mk 38 is the 25 mm M242 Bushmaster. It is an externally-powered, chain-driven gun. The Bushmaster uses an electric motor to drive the moving parts for ammunition feeding, loading, firing, extraction, and cartridge ejection. [2] The mass of the M242 on the Mark 38 MGS is 109 kg (240 lb).

  6. Multiplicative group of integers modulo n - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_group_of...

    In modular arithmetic, the integers coprime (relatively prime) to n from the set {,, …,} of n non-negative integers form a group under multiplication modulo n, called the multiplicative group of integers modulo n.

  7. Multiplicative order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_order

    The multiplicative order of a number a modulo n is the order of a in the multiplicative group whose elements are the residues modulo n of the numbers coprime to n, and whose group operation is multiplication modulo n. This is the group of units of the ring Zn; it has φ (n) elements, φ being Euler's totient function, and is denoted as U (n) or ...

  8. Mathematics of cyclic redundancy checks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_cyclic...

    Mathematics of cyclic redundancy checks. The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is based on division in the ring of polynomials over the finite field GF (2) (the integers modulo 2), that is, the set of polynomials where each coefficient is either zero or one, and arithmetic operations wrap around. Any string of bits can be interpreted as the ...

  9. Masurca - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masurca

    Masurca. The Masurca missile was a first-generation naval surface-to-air missile system developed and used by the French Navy. Planned as the primary air defence missile system of the first generation of French guided missile ships, it was used only aboard the two Suffren -class frigates and as a retrofit to the cruiser Colbert.