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2. Squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squamous-cell_carcinoma_of...

   Squamous-cell lung carcinoma is one of the tumor types with the highest number of mutations since smoking, the main driver of the disease, is a strong mutagenic factor. [5] Inactivating mutations in lung SCC affect many tumor suppressor genes such as TP53 (mutated in 81% of cases), MLL2 (20%), CDKN2A (15%), KEAP1 (12%) and PTEN (8%).

3. Lung cancer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer

   1.8 million (2020) [3] Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung. Lung cancer is caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often caused by cigarette smoking or inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged airway cells gain the ability to multiply unchecked, causing the growth of a tumor.

4. Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaneous_squamous-cell...

   Hard lump with a scaly top or ulceration. [1] Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma ( cSCC ), also known as squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin or squamous-cell skin cancer, is one of the three principal types of skin cancer, alongside basal-cell carcinoma and melanoma. [10] cSCC typically presents as a hard lump with a scaly surface, though it may ...

5. Non-small-cell lung cancer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-small-cell_lung_cancer

   Oncology. Non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ), or non-small-cell lung carcinoma, is any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers. [1] [2] [3] As a class, NSCLCs are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy, compared to small-cell carcinoma.

6. Combined small-cell lung carcinoma - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_small-cell_lung...

   Combined small cell lung carcinoma (or c-SCLC) is a form of multiphasic lung cancer that is diagnosed by a pathologist when a malignant tumor, arising from transformed cells originating in lung tissue, contains a component of;small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), admixed with one (or more) components of any histological variant of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in any relative proportion.

7. Tonsil carcinoma - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsil_carcinoma

   The tonsil is the most common site of squamous cell carcinoma in the oropharynx. It comprises 23.1% of all malignancies of the oropharynx. [1] The tumors frequently present at advanced stages, and around 70% of patients present with metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes. [2] . The most reported complaints include sore throat, otalgia or dysphagia.

8. Vulvar cancer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulvar_cancer

   This has the highest survival rate of 59%. When the cancer starts to spread this is referred to "distant" or "regional", this stage usually involves the cancer being spread to the lymph nodes. This survival rate is 29%. The third stage is when the cancer has metastasized and spread throughout the body, this is the lowest survival rate of 6%.

9. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_leiomyomatosis...

   The fumarate hydratase gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 1 (1q42.3-43), spans 22 kilobases and has 10 exons; the first exon codes for a signal peptide. Pathogenesis [ edit ] While the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the lesions remain unclear, it has been suggested that the accumulation of fumarate may lead to overexpression of ...