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Victor David Gruen, born Viktor David Grünbaum[ 1] (July 18, 1903 – February 14, 1980), was an Austrian-American architect best known as a pioneer in the design of shopping malls in the United States. [ 2] He is also noted for his urban revitalization proposals, described in his writings and applied in master plans such as for Fort Worth ...
The Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, the largest mall in the United States. The interior of Garden State Plaza megamall in Paramus, Bergen County, New Jersey, the borough with the world's highest concentration of shopping malls. A shopping mall (or simply mall) is a large indoor shopping center, usually anchored by department stores.
Gruen transfer. In shopping mall design, the Gruen transfer (also known as the Gruen effect) is the moment when consumers enter a shopping mall or store and, surrounded by an intentionally confusing layout, lose track of their original intentions, making them more susceptible to making impulse buys. It is named after Austrian architect Victor ...
Arcade (architecture) An arcade is a succession of contiguous arches, with each arch supported by a colonnade of columns or piers. Exterior arcades are designed to provide a sheltered walkway for pedestrians; they include many loggias, but here arches are not an essential element. An arcade may feature arches on both sides of the walkway.
This development pattern is centered around the idea of "live, work, play," transforming buildings and neighborhoods into multi-use entities. Efficiency, productivity, and quality of life are also increased with regards to workplaces holding a plethora of amenities. [ 17] Examples include gyms, restaurants, bars, and shopping.
In the post-war period, an American architect, Victor Gruen developed a concept for a shopping mall; a planned, self-contained shopping complex complete with an indoor plaza, statues, planting schemes, piped music, and car-parking. Gruen's vision was to create a shopping atmosphere where people felt so comfortable, they would spend more time in ...
A lifestyle center ( American English ), or lifestyle centre ( Commonwealth English ), is an open-air shopping center which aims to create a "pedestrian-friendly, town-like atmosphere with sidewalks, landscaping, ambient lighting, and park benches. [ 1] Memphis developers Poag and McEwen are generally credited with developing the concept in the ...
Interior of the Galerie Vivienne in Paris, by Francois Jean Delannoy, 1823-1826 [2] A shopping center ( American English ), shopping centre ( Commonwealth English ), also called a shopping complex, shopping arcade, shopping plaza or galleria, is a group of shops built together, sometimes under one roof. [3] The first known collections of ...