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In probability theory, a Markov reward model or Markov reward process is a stochastic process which extends either a Markov chain or continuous-time Markov chain by adding a reward rate to each state. An additional variable records the reward accumulated up to the current time. [1] Features of interest in the model include expected reward at a ...
Markov decision process. In mathematics, a Markov decision process ( MDP) is a discrete-time stochastic control process. It provides a mathematical framework for modeling decision making in situations where outcomes are partly random and partly under the control of a decision maker. MDPs are useful for studying optimization problems solved via ...
Minimax (sometimes Minmax, MM [1] or saddle point [2]) is a decision rule used in artificial intelligence, decision theory, game theory, statistics, and philosophy for minimizing the possible loss for a worst case ( max imum loss) scenario. When dealing with gains, it is referred to as "maximin" – to maximize the minimum gain.
Reinforcement learning ( RL) is an interdisciplinary area of machine learning and optimal control concerned with how an intelligent agent ought to take actions in a dynamic environment in order to maximize the cumulative reward. Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and ...
They found that in many cases, rewards aren't considered property of the program member, and as a result, may be forfeited when a member dies. Yet, some companies will allow points to be ...
Q values represent the possible reward received in the next time step for taking action a in state s, plus the discounted future reward received from the next state-action observation. Watkin's Q-learning updates an estimate of the optimal state-action value function Q ∗ {\displaystyle Q^{*}} based on the maximum reward of available actions.
In September 2013, the My Coke Rewards Beta was launched. [6] The new system which ran on the same website, but with /beta after the .com on the address, used social media challenges and My Coke Rewards codes to gain "status" points to level up, with +5 status points just by creating an account. [7] The levels were bronze, silver, and gold ...
Sharpe ratio. In finance, the Sharpe ratio (also known as the Sharpe index, the Sharpe measure, and the reward-to-variability ratio) measures the performance of an investment such as a security or portfolio compared to a risk-free asset, after adjusting for its risk. It is defined as the difference between the returns of the investment and the ...