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This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Biology. An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction. [2] : 458 The biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Ecosystems are controlled by external and internal factors.
Gross primary production (GPP) is the amount of chemical energy, typically expressed as carbon biomass, that primary producers create in a given length of time. Some fraction of this fixed energy is used by primary producers for cellular respiration and maintenance of existing tissues (i.e., "growth respiration" and " maintenance respiration ").
Morphology (biology) Morphology in biology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. [1] This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, color, pattern, size), i.e. external morphology (or eidonomy ), as well as the form and structure of internal parts like bones and organs, i ...
v. t. e. Anatomy (from Ancient Greek ἀνατομή (anatomḗ) ' dissection ') is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts. [ 1 ] Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in ...
Gross anatomy is the study of anatomy at the visible or macroscopic level. [1] [2] The counterpart to gross anatomy is the field of histology, which studies microscopic anatomy. [1] [2] Gross anatomy of the human body or other animals seeks to understand the relationship between components of an organism in order to gain a greater appreciation ...
Genetics. Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. [1] [2] [3] It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically.
In biology, taxonomy (from Ancient Greek τάξις ( taxis) 'arrangement' and -νομία ( -nomia) ' method ') is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic ...