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Primary immunodeficiency. Primary immunodeficiencies are disorders in which part of the body's immune system is missing or does not function normally. [1] To be considered a primary immunodeficiency (PID), the immune deficiency must be inborn, not caused by secondary factors such as other disease, drug treatment, or environmental exposure to ...
Immunodeficiency, also known as immunocompromisation, is a state in which the immune system 's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. Most cases are acquired ("secondary") due to extrinsic factors that affect the patient's immune system. Examples of these extrinsic factors include HIV infection and ...
Endocrinology. Vitamin deficiency is the condition of a long-term lack of a vitamin. When caused by not enough vitamin intake it is classified as a primary deficiency, whereas when due to an underlying disorder such as malabsorption it is called a secondary deficiency. An underlying disorder can have 2 main causes:
An immune disorder is a dysfunction of the immune system. [ 1] These disorders can be characterized in several different ways: By the component (s) of the immune system affected. By whether the immune system is overactive or underactive. By whether the condition is congenital or acquired. According to the International Union of Immunological ...
Medical genetics. Neural tube defects ( NTDs) are a group of birth defects in which an opening in the spine or cranium remains from early in human development. In the third week of pregnancy called gastrulation, specialized cells on the dorsal side of the embryo begin to change shape and form the neural tube. When the neural tube does not close ...
Marasmusis a form of severe malnutritioncharacterized by energy deficiency. It can occur in anyone with severe malnutrition but usually occurs in children. Body weight is reduced to less than 62% of the normal (expected) body weight for the age.[1] Marasmus occurrence increases prior to age 1, whereas kwashiorkoroccurrence increases after 18 ...
Pica is the eating or craving of things that are not food. [ 2] It is classified as an eating disorder but can also be the result of an existing mental disorder. [ 3] The ingested or craved substance may be biological, natural or manmade. The term was drawn directly from the medieval Latin word for magpie, a bird subject to much folklore ...
The enzyme adenosine deaminase is encoded by the ADA gene on chromosome 20. [1] ADA deficiency is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means the defective gene responsible for the disorder is located on an autosome (chromosome 20 is an autosome), and two copies of the defective gene (one inherited from each parent) are required in order to be born with the disorder.