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  2. X-ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray

    X-rays ( X-radiation) are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. In many languages, it is referred to as Röntgen radiation, after the German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who discovered it in 1895 [ 1] and named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation.

  3. X-ray crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

    A powder X-ray diffractometer in motion. X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of the X-ray diffraction, a crystallographer ...

  4. Radiography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiography

    Radiography is an imaging technique using X-rays, gamma rays, or similar ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation to view the internal form of an object. Applications of radiography include medical ("diagnostic" radiography and "therapeutic") and industrial radiography. Similar techniques are used in airport security, (where "body scanners ...

  5. X-ray optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_optics

    X-ray optics. X-ray optics is the branch of optics that manipulates X-rays instead of visible light. It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams for research techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and ...

  6. Industrial radiography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_radiography

    Industrial radiography is a modality of non-destructive testing that uses ionizing radiation to inspect materials and components with the objective of locating and quantifying defects and degradation in material properties that would lead to the failure of engineering structures. It plays an important role in the science and technology needed ...

  7. X-ray source - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_source

    Natural X-ray sources: Astrophysical X-ray source, as viewed in X-ray astronomy. X-ray background. Naturally occurring radionuclides. Artificial X-ray sources. Radiopharmaceuticals in radiopharmacology. Radioactive tracer. Brachytherapy. X-ray tube, a vacuum tube that produces X-rays when current flows through it.

  8. Germfree Adolescents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germfree_Adolescents

    Germfree Adolescents is the 1978 debut album of English punk rock band X-Ray Spex. It contained the UK hit singles "The Day the World Turned Dayglo" (No. 23 in April 1978), "Identity" (No. 24 in July 1978) and "Germ Free Adolescents" which reached No. 18 in November 1978. Upon release, the critics noted it was not all new material: five songs ...

  9. Photo 51 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_51

    Photo 51 is an X-ray based fiber diffraction image of a paracrystalline gel composed of DNA fiber taken by Raymond Gosling, a postgraduate student working under the supervision of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin at King's College London, while working in Sir John Randall's group.