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The side effects of l -DOPA may include: Hypertension, especially if the dosage is too high. Arrhythmias, although these are uncommon. Nausea, which is often reduced by taking the drug with food, although protein reduces drug absorption. l -DOPA is an amino acid, so protein competitively inhibits l -DOPA absorption.
Arthropods (/ ˈ ɑːr θ r ə p ɒ d / ARTH-rə-pod) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda.They possess an exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated segments, and paired jointed appendages.
Plant–animal interaction. Plant-animal interactions are important pathways for the transfer of energy within ecosystems, where both advantageous and unfavorable interactions support ecosystem health. [ 1][ 2] Plant-animal interactions can take on important ecological functions and manifest in a variety of combinations of favorable and ...
The phosphorus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that involves the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.Unlike many other biogeochemical cycles, the atmosphere does not play a significant role in the movement of phosphorus, because phosphorus and phosphorus-based materials do not enter the gaseous phase readily, [1] as the main source of gaseous phosphorus ...
The first individual alkaloid, morphine, was isolated in 1804 from the opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum ). [1] Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral [2] and even weakly acidic properties. [3]
Dioecy (/ d aɪ ˈ iː s i / dy-EE-see; [1] from Ancient Greek διοικία dioikía 'two households'; adj. dioecious, / d aɪ ˈ iː ʃ (i) ə s / dy-EE-sh(ee-)əs [2] [3]) is a characteristic of certain species that have distinct unisexual individuals, each producing either male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants).
Grain, fruit, and vegetables are basic human foods and have been domesticated for millennia. People use plants for many purposes, such as building materials, ornaments, writing materials, and, in great variety, for medicines. The scientific study of plants is known as botany, a branch of biology .
A sawfly larva feeding on a leaf. Tracks made by terrestrial gastropods with their radulas, scraping green algae from a surface inside a greenhouse. A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet.