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Definition. In neuroscience, the reward system is a collection of brain structures and neural pathways that are responsible for reward-related cognition, including associative learning (primarily classical conditioning and operant reinforcement ), incentive salience (i.e., motivation and "wanting", desire, or craving for a reward), and ...
Insufficient justification. Insufficient justification is an effect studied in the discipline of social psychology. It states that people are more likely to engage in a behavior that contradicts the beliefs they hold personally when offered a smaller reward compared to a larger reward. [1] The larger reward minimizes the cognitive dissonance ...
Motivation crowding theory is the theory from psychology and microeconomics suggesting that providing extrinsic incentives for certain kinds of behavior—such as promising monetary rewards for accomplishing some task—can sometimes undermine intrinsic motivation for performing that behavior. The result of lowered motivation, in contrast with ...
Cognitive evaluation theory ( CET) [ 1] is a theory in psychology that is designed to explain the effects of external consequences on internal motivation. Specifically, CET is a sub-theory of self-determination theory that focuses on competence and autonomy while examining how intrinsic motivation is affected by external forces in a process ...
Instrumental and intrinsic value. In moral philosophy, instrumental and intrinsic value are the distinction between what is a means to an end and what is as an end in itself. [ 1] Things are deemed to have instrumental value (or extrinsic value[ 2]) if they help one achieve a particular end; intrinsic values, by contrast, are understood to be ...
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement refers to consequences that increase the likelihood of an organism's future behavior, typically in the presence of a particular antecedent stimulus. [ 1] For example, a rat can be trained to push a lever to receive food whenever a light is turned on. In this example, the light is the antecedent stimulus ...
Maladjustment is a term used in psychology to refer the "inability to react successfully and satisfactorily to the demand of one's environment". [1] The term maladjustment can be refer to a wide range of social, biological and psychological conditions. [2] Maladjustment can be both intrinsic or extrinsic.
Reinforcement sensitivity theory ( RST) proposes three brain-behavioral systems that underlie individual differences in sensitivity to reward, punishment, and motivation. While not originally defined as a theory of personality, the RST has been used to study and predict anxiety, impulsivity, and extraversion. [ 1]