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t. e. Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems [1] characterised by social ownership of the means of production, [2] as opposed to private ownership. [3] [4] [5] It describes the economic, political, and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. [6]
Social order. The term social order can be used in two senses: In the first sense, it refers to a particular system of social structures and institutions. Examples are the ancient, the feudal, and the capitalist social order. In the second sense, social order is contrasted to social chaos or disorder and refers to a stable state of society in ...
A monopoly (from Greek μόνος, mónos, 'single, alone' and πωλεῖν, pōleîn, 'to sell'), as described by Irving Fisher, is a market with the "absence of competition", creating a situation where a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular thing. This contrasts with a monopsony which relates to a single entity ...
Estimator. In statistics, an estimator is a rule for calculating an estimate of a given quantity based on observed data: thus the rule (the estimator), the quantity of interest (the estimand) and its result (the estimate) are distinguished. [ 1] For example, the sample mean is a commonly used estimator of the population mean .
Ethnomethodology is a fundamentally descriptive discipline which does not engage in the explanation or evaluation of the particular social order undertaken as a topic of study., [ 5] "to discover the things that persons in particular situations do, the methods they use, to create the patterned orderliness of social life".
Functional prerequisites. In sociological research, functional prerequisites are the basic needs ( food, shelter, clothing, and money) that an individual requires to live above the poverty line. [1] Functional prerequisites may also refer to the factors that allow a society to maintain social order . On the other hand, Parsons argued any ...
Economic order quantity. Economic order quantity ( EOQ ), also known as financial purchase quantity or economic buying quantity, [citation needed] is the order quantity that minimizes the total holding costs and ordering costs in inventory management. It is one of the oldest classical production scheduling models.
t. e. Classical Marxism is the body of economic, philosophical, and sociological theories expounded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in their works, as contrasted with orthodox Marxism, Marxism–Leninism, and autonomist Marxism which emerged after their deaths. [1] The core concepts of classical Marxism include alienation, base and ...