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In chemistry, reactivity is the impulse for which a chemical substance undergoes a chemical reaction, either by itself or with other materials, with an overall release of energy . Reactivity refers to: theories to predict and to account for these processes. The chemical reactivity of a single substance (reactant) covers its behavior in which it ...
Reactivity series. In chemistry, a reactivity series (or reactivity series of elements) is an empirical, calculated, and structurally analytical progression [ 1] of a series of metals, arranged by their "reactivity" from highest to lowest. [ 2][ 3][ 4] It is used to summarize information about the reactions of metals with acids and water ...
In chemistry the reactivity–selectivity principle or RSP states that a more reactive chemical compound or reactive intermediate is less selective in chemical reactions. In this context selectivity represents the ratio of reaction rates . This principle was generally accepted until the 1970s when too many exceptions started to appear.
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species ( ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen ( O2 ), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are hydroperoxide (O 2 H), superoxide (O 2- ), [ 1] hydroxyl radical (OH. ), and singlet oxygen. [ 2] ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O 2, which is ...
Chemical stability. In chemistry, chemical stability is the thermodynamic stability of a chemical system. [ 1 ] Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or in chemical equilibrium with its environment. This may be a dynamic equilibrium in which individual atoms or molecules change form, but their overall ...
Thermodynamic activity. In chemical thermodynamics, activity (symbol a) is a measure of the "effective concentration" of a species in a mixture, in the sense that the species' chemical potential depends on the activity of a real solution in the same way that it would depend on concentration for an ideal solution.
In chemistry, a reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical reaction occurs. [ 1] A chemical mechanism is a theoretical conjecture that tries to describe in detail what takes place at each stage of an overall chemical reaction. The detailed steps of a reaction are not observable in most cases.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution ( SEAr) is an organic reaction in which an atom that is attached to an aromatic system (usually hydrogen) is replaced by an electrophile. Some of the most important electrophilic aromatic substitutions are aromatic nitration, aromatic halogenation, aromatic sulfonation, alkylation Friedel–Crafts reaction ...