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Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin natrium) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable isotope is 23 Na. The free metal does not occur in nature and must be prepared from compounds.
In industry, the various grades of sodium silicate are characterized by their SiO 2 :Na 2 O weight ratio (which can be converted to molar ratio by multiplication with 1.032). The ratio can vary between 1:2 and 3.75:1. [1] Grades with ratio below 2.85:1 are termed alkaline. Those with a higher SiO 2 :Na 2 O ratio are described as neutral.
Borax (also referred to as sodium borate, tincal (/ ˈ t ɪ ŋ k əl /) and tincar (/ ˈ t ɪ ŋ k ər /)) is a salt (ionic compound), a hydrated or anhydrous borate of sodium, with the chemical formula Na 2 H 20 B 4 O 17 (also written as Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O). It is a colorless crystalline solid that dissolves in water to make a basic solution.
Hot metal ingot being loaded into a hammer forge. A billet in an open-die forging press. Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces. The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or a die.
Forge welding (FOW), also called fire welding, is a solid-state welding process that joins two pieces of metal by heating them to a high temperature and then hammering them together. It may also consist of heating and forcing the metals together with presses or other means, creating enough pressure to cause plastic deformation at the weld ...
A smithy built around 1880 in Mērsrags, Courland, Latvia currently located at The Ethnographic Open-Air Museum of Latvia. A forge is a type of hearth used for heating metals, or the workplace ( smithy) where such a hearth is located. The forge is used by the smith to heat a piece of metal to a temperature at which it becomes easier to shape by ...
Sodium bicarbonate ( IUPAC name: sodium hydrogencarbonate [9] ), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation ( Na +) and a bicarbonate anion ( HCO 3− ). Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder.
Physical properties. Pure sodium hydroxide is a colorless crystalline solid that melts at 318 °C (604 °F) without decomposition and boils at 1,388 °C (2,530 °F). It is highly soluble in water, with a lower solubility in polar solvents such as ethanol and methanol. [14] Sodium hydroxide is insoluble in ether and other non-polar solvents.